Health

Breaking the Silence: Why Mental Health Must Be Normalized, Not Hidden

Published

2 months ago

September 24, 2025

Amal Chandra

Mental health has long been treated as a private, almost shameful struggle: something to be whispered about, if acknowledged at all. In many societies, the dominant narrative still frames it as crime, weakness, laziness, or a character flaw. Yet the reality is starkly different: irritability, aggression, vulnerability, even what we casually dismiss as “abnormality” or “laziness,” are often early symptoms of underlying mental health conditions. Left unattended, they can drive individuals into escapism, substance addiction, smoking, or other self-destructive patterns.

The time has come to treat mental health neither as a taboo nor a luxury, but as an imperative for human flourishing—just as important as physical health. My last two features in this space partially addressed some of the aspects associated with this issue, and this article forms an important continuation in that series. Recognizing mental well-being as central to human dignity requires us to confront centuries of stigma, re-examine cultural attitudes, and construct a new, evidence-based narrative of care and compassion.

History Speaks: From Ancient Wisdom to Modern Times

Human civilizations have long acknowledged mental distress. Ancient Greek physicians like Hippocrates attributed melancholia to imbalances of bodily humors, laying one of the earliest scientific foundations for understanding mood disorders. In India, classical texts such as the Charaka Samhita spoke of unmada (disorders of the mind), emphasizing that mental and physical well-being were inseparable.

Literature also mirrored these struggles. Shakespeare’s Hamlet wrestled with melancholy, while Lady Macbeth’s guilt-induced hallucinations revealed the profound interplay between psychology and human behavior. Together, these examples demonstrate that mental health challenges have always been an integral part of the human condition.

Yet history also shows regression into silence and confinement. The Enlightenment, while advancing science, stigmatized emotions as irrational excesses. By the 19th century, asylums replaced open dialogue, locking the mentally ill behind walls rather than addressing their needs. Against this backdrop, Sigmund Freud’s “talking cure” in Vienna was revolutionary—it reintroduced conversation and self-reflection as legitimate forms of healing, acknowledging that the mind, no less than the body, deserves care.

The 20th century further underscored urgency. Soldiers returning from the trenches of Europe and the Pacific in World War I and II exhibited what was then called “shell shock,” later recognized as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Writers like Erich Maria Remarque in All Quiet on the Western Front and poets such as Wilfred Owen provided haunting testimonies of invisible wounds that lingered long after battles ended. These accounts forced societies to confront trauma’s psychological toll.

And yet, despite these painful lessons, stigma endured: proof of how slow cultural attitudes are to evolve, even when evidence is overwhelming. This uneven history shows that while awareness of mental health is not new, meaningful action and genuine acceptance remain humanity’s greatest challenges.

Irritability, Aggression, and Vulnerability: Misread Signals

We often mistake early symptoms of mental distress for personality defects. When someone is constantly irritated, lashes out in aggression, or withdraws into vulnerability, the usual response is judgment rather than inquiry. “He has anger issues,” or “She’s too sensitive,” are common dismissals. Yet clinical psychology suggests these behaviors are not flaws but signals.

The American Psychological Association identifies irritability and aggression as common manifestations of anxiety disorders, depression, or unresolved trauma. Vulnerability, rather than weakness, often reflects an individual’s attempt to cope with overwhelming stress.

History provides striking examples. Winston Churchill, who called his depression his “black dog,” exhibited irritability and dark moods. These were not signs of incompetence; they coexisted with his brilliance as a wartime leader. Similarly, Virginia Woolf transformed her vulnerability into profound works of art, even as she battled her illness. Both remind us that behind the labels we attach to people lie struggles deserving compassion and treatment, not ridicule or denial.

Just as individuals must not be reduced to labels, families play a crucial role in how mental distress is addressed. A household with mature and committed members often becomes the first line of support, helping a loved one recognize that irritability, aggression, or withdrawal may signal something deeper than temperament.

Research in the Journal of Family Psychology shows that family validation and support significantly improve recovery outcomes in conditions such as depression and anxiety, while silence or ridicule worsens them. Healing is not an individual journey alone: it is a collective responsibility. By creating environments where conversations about mental health are as ordinary as discussions about physical ailments, families can prevent crises from escalating into long-term suffering.

Escapism, Laziness, and the Slippery Slope to Addiction

When untreated mental health issues become unbearable, many seek refuge in escapism. What begins as procrastination, or what society dismisses as “laziness,” is often an unconscious coping mechanism, a way of avoiding the mental weight of overwhelming tasks.

The philosopher Søren Kierkegaard described despair as a paralysis of will, a disconnection between self and purpose. This despair often manifests in inaction, not because people are lazy, but because they are battling internal conflict.

In modern times, escapism frequently morphs into substance use. Cigarettes, alcohol, or drugs offer temporary relief, numbing irritability or anxiety, but ultimately deepen despair. Lancet Psychiatry studies shows a strong correlation between untreated depression and substance abuse, with individuals turning to smoking and alcohol as maladaptive self-medication. Escapism thus becomes addiction, and addiction becomes a prison.

Fyodor Dostoevsky illustrated this cycle in Notes from Underground, where the protagonist retreats into bitterness and isolation, lashing out at society while sinking deeper into self-destruction. The parallels with today’s struggles are uncanny: when mental health remains unaddressed, it breeds behaviors we despise in others and in ourselves, yet they are rooted in unacknowledged pain.

The Philosophy of Compassion: Rethinking Judgment

If irritability, vulnerability, and escapism are signals of distress, then our tendency to hate or dismiss people for their behavior becomes ethically questionable. The Stoic philosopher Epictetus once said: “When you are offended at any man’s fault, turn to yourself and study your own failings. Then you will forget your anger.” This is not a call to excuse harmful actions, but an invitation to empathy.

Modern neuroscience reinforces this perspective. Research in affective neuroscience shows that brain circuits governing fear and anger are often hyperactive in individuals with mental disorders. Their reactions are shaped less by moral weakness and more by neurochemical imbalance. Recognizing this shifts our approach from moralizing to contextualizing, from condemnation to understanding.

It is important to note that even well-educated, self-aware individuals often find themselves helpless in the face of their own mental struggles. They may understand their condition intellectually yet feel trapped by their own minds, and in doing so, they sometimes resist those who hold up a mirror or offer advice—seeing such interventions as judgment rather than support. This underlines that awareness alone is not always sufficient.

Public figures have helped break this silence. Indian actress Deepika Padukone, after battling depression, founded The Live Love Laugh Foundation to spread awareness. U.S. gymnast Simone Biles prioritized mental health during the Tokyo Olympics, challenging the notion that excellence requires silence about struggle. These examples show that acknowledging weakness is not surrender but strength—and that breaking stigma inspires others to seek help.

Towards a Culture of Treatment and Openness

The final step in normalizing mental health is not merely conversation but also ensuring treatment is accessible and imperative. Just as we would never dismiss chest pain as laziness, we must not dismiss persistent irritability or withdrawal as personality quirks. Therapy, counseling, and medication should be seen as ordinary as physiotherapy or antibiotics.

The World Health Organization emphasizes that each penny invested in scaling up treatment for common mental disorders yields a fourfold return in improved health and productivity. Beyond economics, it is a moral obligation: untreated mental illness leads to broken families, lost potential, and preventable suffering.

Literature again offers wisdom. Albert Camus, in The Myth of Sisyphus, wrote that the greatest philosophical question is whether life is worth living. His answer—yes, even in absurdity—reminds us that humans can create meaning despite suffering. Therapy and treatment embody this very act: confronting despair and choosing life over escape.

Conclusion: The Courage to Speak, the Duty to Act

Normalizing mental health is more than reducing stigma; it is reimagining our ethical duty to ourselves and each other. From Churchill’s “black dog” to Virginia Woolf’s prose, from Kierkegaard’s despair to Camus’s rebellion, history and literature remind us that mental struggles are universal, not aberrations. Irritability, aggression, vulnerability, laziness, and even escapism are not moral failings but cries for help. Left unheeded, they can lead to addiction, self-destruction, and alienation.

We must therefore cultivate a culture where acknowledging mental health is as ordinary as discussing diet or exercise, where treatment is sought without shame, and where compassion replaces judgment. The true measure of progress is not simply economic growth or technological achievement but the collective courage to speak openly about what weighs on the human mind—and to act, rationally and compassionately, to heal it.

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Health

New Pee Test Could Identify Prostate Cancer

Published

2 months ago

October 4, 2025

Futurity

By Johns Hopkins University

This new approach could significantly reduce the need for invasive, often painful biopsies.

By analyzing urine samples from prostate cancer patients before and after prostate-removal surgery, as well as samples from healthy individuals, researchers identified a panel of three biomarkers—TTC3, H4C5, and EPCAM—that robustly detected the presence of prostate cancer.

These biomarkers were detectable in patients prior to surgery but were nearly absent post-surgery, confirming that they originated in prostate tissue.

The results appear in eBioMedicine.

Prostate cancer, one of the leading causes of death in men in the United States, is typically detected by blood tests to measure PSA, a protein produced by cancerous and noncancerous tissue in the prostate. In most men, a PSA level above 4.0 nanograms per milliliter is considered abnormal and may result in a recommendation for prostate biopsy, in which multiple samples of tissue are collected through small needles.

However, the PSA test is not very specific, meaning prostate biopsies are often needed to confirm a cancer diagnosis, says senior study author Ranjan Perera, director of the Center for RNA Biology at Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital in St. Petersburg, Florida, and a professor of oncology and neurosurgery at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. In many cases, these biopsies are negative and can result in unintended complications, Perera says. PSA tests also can lead to unnecessary treatment for very low-grade prostate cancers that are very unlikely to grow and spread over a short period of time.

“This new biomarker panel offers a promising, sensitive, and specific, noninvasive diagnostic test for prostate cancer,” Perera says.

“It has the potential to accurately detect prostate cancer, reduce unnecessary biopsies, improve diagnostic accuracy in PSA-negative patients, and serve as the foundation for both laboratory-developed and in vitro diagnostic assays.”

The panel was found to be able to detect prostate cancer even when PSA was in the normal range and could distinguish prostate cancer from conditions like prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate) and an enlarged prostate, a condition known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

“There is a real need for non-PSA-based biomarkers for prostate cancer, and urine is quite easy to collect in the clinic,” says study coauthor Christian Pavlovich, a professor of urologic oncology at Johns Hopkins and program director for the Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance Program.

“Most urologists feel that an accurate urinary biomarker would be a valuable addition to our current diagnostic armamentarium.”

During the study, investigators studied biomarkers in urine samples from healthy individuals as well as from patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer undergoing prostate-removal surgeries at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, or AdventHealth Global Robotics Institute in Celebration, Florida.

They studied 341 urine specimens (107 from healthy individuals, 136 from patients with prostate cancer before surgery, and 98 after surgery) during the development of their urine test and an additional 1,055 specimens (162 from healthy individuals, 484 from patients with prostate cancer before surgery, and 409 after surgery) to validate the test.

During the performance evaluation phase of testing, the scientists also studied samples from patients with BPH or prostatitis, and healthy controls, from Johns Hopkins Hospital from 2022 to 2025.

Investigators extracted RNA from prostate cells shed in 50-ml urine samples and analyzed them using RNA sequencing and also real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to study gene expression. They also used immunohistochemistry to study biomarkers in samples from cancerous prostate tissue and healthy adjacent tissue, and statistical analyses to compare biomarkers found in the urine and tissue samples.

From an initial 815 prostate-specific genes identified in urine from men with prostate cancers, the investigators prioritized the top 50 genes, then the top nine, and from there selected the three top performers—TTC3, H4C5, and EPCAM—for further analysis.

Overall, expression levels of the three biomarkers were significantly higher in urine samples from individuals with prostate cancers than in urine from the healthy controls. The expression of each biomarker diminished to low or undetectable levels in samples taken after surgery. A greater proportion of patients with prostate cancer tested positive for the three biomarkers than for PCA3, another biomarker associated with prostate cancers, in both the development study and the validation study.

“This test has the potential to help physicians improve diagnostic accuracy of prostate cancer, reducing unnecessary interventions while allowing early treatment for those who need it,” says study coauthor Vipul Patel, director of urologic oncology at AdventHealth Cancer Institute in Celebration, Florida. Patel also is medical director of global robotics for AdventHealth’s Global Robotics Institute, and founder of the International Prostate Cancer Foundation.

“On behalf of physicians and patient globally, I advocate for further study and progress for these biomarkers.”

Investigators are considering how the biomarker panel could be used alone or combined with a PSA test to make a “super PSA,” Perera says. The next steps for the research are to have an independent trial of the test at another institution and to further develop the test for laboratory use in clinical settings, he says. The investigators have filed a patent, and Johns Hopkins Technology Ventures is helping the team to spin off a company.

Additional coauthors are from Johns Hopkins; Charles University in Prague; the University of Kansas; Orlando Health Medical Group Urology-Winter Park in Orlando, Florida; and AdventHealth Cancer Institute.

Support for the work came from the International Prostate Cancer Foundation, the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, the Bankhead-Coley Cancer Research Program to Perera, and by the Maryland Innovation Initiative Grant to Pavlovich and Perera.

Bettegowda is a consultant for Haystack Oncology, Privo Technologies, and Bionaut Labs. He is a cofounder of OrisDx and Belay Diagnostics.

Source: Johns Hopkins University

Original Study DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105895

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Previously Published on futurity.org with Creative Commons License

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Health

How Breath Affects Your Metabolism, Digestion, and Sleep

Published

2 months ago

October 4, 2025

Brian Comly

By Niraj Naik.

Breathing is often thought of as a simple, automatic act, but its impact extends far beyond the exchange of oxygen. The way we breathe directly influences how our body processes food, produces energy, and even rests at night. By understanding how breath affects digestion, metabolism, and sleep, we can tap into a natural, non-invasive method of supporting health.

Modern research is increasingly exploring the impact of intentional breathing techniques on gut health, metabolic balance, and sleep.

The Science of Breathing and the Nervous System

Breathing acts as a primary regulator of the autonomic nervous system, which governs involuntary functions such as heart rate, hormone release, and gastrointestinal motility. Shallow, rapid breathing typically activates the sympathetic “fight-or-flight” state, while slow diaphragmatic breathing stimulates the parasympathetic “rest-and-digest” mode. This is why breathwork and the nervous system are inseparably linked: breathing patterns signal whether the body should prioritize energy conservation, digestion, or alertness.

Emerging studies show that science-backed breath training can improve vagus nerve activity, reduce stress hormones like cortisol, and optimize gastrointestinal motility¹. This connection forms the foundation of why breathwork for metabolism, digestion, and sleep is increasingly being studied in clinical contexts.

Breath as a Metabolic Regulator

Metabolism depends on efficient oxygen delivery to cells for ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate, a molecule that serves as the primary energy carrier in cells) production, the energy currency of the body. If breathing is shallow or inefficient, oxygen supply decreases, shifting energy production toward less efficient anaerobic pathways. This leads to quicker fatigue, impaired fat utilization, and sluggish energy output.

Practicing breathing exercises for metabolism enhances diaphragmatic engagement, increasing oxygen saturation and improving the body’s ability to metabolize fat for fuel. For individuals trying to sustain a consistent gym routine, combining physical training with breathwork for metabolism supports endurance and recovery by ensuring cells are well-oxygenated.

Clinical research indicates that slow-paced, deep breathing helps regulate blood glucose and improves metabolic efficiency 2. By practicing daily breathwork for metabolism, people may complement their nutrition and fitness programs, creating a minimalist routine for better health that leverages both movement and controlled breath.

Diaphragmatic Breathing & Digestive Flow

The digestive process is strongly tied to the parasympathetic nervous system. Stress or anxiety often causes shallow breathing, which impairs gastric secretions and gut motility. This explains how breath affects digestion so profoundly: relaxed breathing enhances vagal tone, improving peristalsis and nutrient absorption.

Early studies and clinical observations suggest that practicing breathwork for digestion may reduce bloating, improve bowel regularity, and support digestive enzyme activity 3. Techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing increase abdominal pressure, gently massaging internal organs, and supporting blood flow to the digestive tract.

For individuals struggling with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or stress-related gut issues, breathwork and the nervous system play an essential role in symptom management. Incorporating even five minutes of breathwork for digestion daily can significantly improve comfort and meal satisfaction.

How Breath Regulates Sleep

Poor breathing patterns are linked to insomnia, sleep apnea, and restless sleep cycles. Shallow breathing stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, keeping the body in a heightened state of alertness 4 . By contrast, deep nasal breathing supports relaxation and may indirectly influence sleep-promoting hormones and circadian readiness.

Techniques such as the 4-7-8 method, diaphragmatic breathing, or slow alternate nostril breathing have been validated as effective methods of breathing for better sleep. Practicing breathing exercises for metabolism during the day indirectly aids nighttime rest, as better oxygen use reduces cortisol levels and balances circadian rhythms.

Patients with sleep apnea demonstrate disrupted oxygen flow, highlighting how disordered breathing disrupts restorative rest cycles. By adopting breathing for better sleep strategies, individuals can improve both sleep onset and depth, making breathwork a cost-free complement to sleep hygiene practices. However, while breathwork may improve sleep quality in some individuals, clinical conditions such as sleep apnea require medical evaluation and treatment.

Integrating Breathwork Into Daily Life

Breathwork is most effective when woven into daily habits. For example:

Before meals: Practice 5 minutes of breathwork for digestion to prime the gut.
During workouts: Use diaphragmatic breathing to enhance oxygen efficiency and support breathwork for metabolism.
At night: End the day with breathing for better sleep to prepare the body for deep rest. Such integration creates sustainable benefits without requiring drastic lifestyle changes.

Whether one follows a structured training program or a minimalist routine for better health, the key is consistency.

Frequently Asked Questions on Breathwork

1. Can breathwork really improve my metabolism?

Evidence suggests that breathwork for metabolism can improve oxygen efficiency and cellular energy production. This may enhance fat utilization, exercise endurance, and recovery, especially when combined with a consistent fitness routine.

2. How does breathwork help digestion?

Practicing breathwork for digestion stimulates the vagus nerve, improves peristalsis, and reduces stress-related bloating. This explains how breath affects digestion directly and why relaxation-based breathing supports nutrient absorption.

3. What are the best techniques for sleep?

The most effective breathing techniques for better sleep include slow diaphragmatic breathing and the 4-7-8 method. These approaches lower heart rate, reduce cortisol, and promote relaxation before bed.

From Energy to Sleep: The Power of Intentional Breathing

Breathing may seem automatic, but the way we control it influences energy, digestion, and rest. Breathwork and the nervous system create pathways that impact everything from gut motility to mitochondrial efficiency. By incorporating breathwork for metabolism, breathwork for digestion, and breathing for better sleep into daily routines, individuals can unlock powerful improvements in overall health.

For those seeking practical and lasting results, the path does not require complex tools or expensive therapies. Instead, a minimalist routine for better health anchored in mindful breathing can provide profound, science-supported benefits.

References

1. Gerritsen, R. J. S., & Band, G. P. H. (2018). Breath of life: The respiratory vagal

stimulation model of contemplative activity. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 12, 397.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00397

2. Obaya, H. E., Abdeen, H. A., Salem, A. A., Shehata, M. A., Aldhahi, M. I., Muka, T.,

Marques-Sule, E., Taha, M. M., Gaber, M., & Atef, H. (2023). Effect of aerobic exercise,

slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation on cortisol and glucose levels in

women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in

Physiology, 14, 1186546. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1186546

3. Liu J, Lv C, Wang W, Huang Y, Wang B, Tian J, Sun C, Yu Y. Slow, deep breathing

intervention improved symptoms and altered rectal sensitivity in patients with

constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Front Neurosci. 2022 Nov

4;16:1034547. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1034547. PMID: 36408402; PMCID:

PMC9673479.

4. Cowie, M. R., Linz, D., Redline, S., & et al. (2021). Sleep disordered breathing and

cardiovascular disease: JACC state-of-the-art review. Journal of the American College

of Cardiology, 78(6), 608–624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.05.048

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This post was previously published on Mind Body Dad.

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Health

The Hidden Biology of Addiction and Cancer

Published

2 months ago

October 4, 2025

Jed Diamond Ph.D

I have worked in the healthcare field for more than fifty years. I began my career working in addiction medicine. After working with men and women suffering from addictions to drugs like alcohol, heroin, and cocaine, I began to realize that addiction is not just about drugs.

We know that people can have addictive relationships with food, work, and even sex and love. In my book, Looking for Love in All the Wrong Places: Overcoming Romantic and Sexual Addictions, I say,

When we find that our romantic relationships are a series of disappointments yet continue to pursue them, we are looking for love in all the wrong places. When we are overwhelmed by our physical attraction to a new person, when the chemistry feels fantastic, and we are sure that this time we have found someone who will make us whole, we are looking for love in all the wrong places.

In the book, I also quoted Dr. Stanton Peele, an authority on addiction who reminds us,

Many of us are addicts, only we don’t know it. We turn to each other out of the same needs that drive some people to drink and others to heroin. Interpersonal addiction — love addiction — is just about the most common yet least recognized form of addiction we know.

Now Dr. Raphael Cuomo has extended our understanding of addiction even further. In his book, Crave: The Hidden Biology of Addiction and Cancer, he says,

We live in a society saturated with addiction, but not just the kind that ends in emergency rooms or interventions. This is not only about heroin, meth, or alcohol. It is about the relentless cycle of stimulation and reward that defines ordinary life. Binge eating. Compulsive phone checking. Nightly glasses of wine. Doomscrolling. Sugar, caffeine, porn, social media validation, and manufactured outrage.

I had the opportunity to interview Dr. Cuomo. I asked him questions that I thought my readers would be most interested in learning about including the following:

What first got you interested in the cancer connection and why is this connection both hidden and important?

If you were talking to a group of guys, what are some of the things you would say to them about how the book could help them?

Tell us in what ways food is a drug and what do we need to know to keep from becoming hooked?

What is “Digital Dopamine” and why is it a hidden public health problem?

You can watch my full interview with Dr. Cuomo here.

Most of has have concerns about cancer, know someone who has been diagnosed with cancer, or have fears that we ignore or obsess about. Dr. Cuomo offers a new perspective I found very helpful. He says,

We often think of cancer as a genetic accident. A cell mutates, begins to divide uncontrollably, and escapes detection. The story is partially true. But it omits the most important questions:
What makes the body permissive to that escape?
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Why does the immune system, which identifies and eliminates abnormal cells every day, begin to miss its targets?
Why do repair systems fail to correct damaged DNA?
Why does cellular growth shift from regulated to rebellious?

In ten, information-packed chapters, Dr. Cuomo answers these and many more questions that can help us understand the biology of addiction and cancer:

Molecular Scars
The Addicted Society
Craving is Chemical
Inflammation Nation
Food as a Drug
Digital Dopamine
Nicotine, Alcohol, and the Usual Suspects?
Beyond the Individual
Biology Can Change
The New Prevention

In his concluding chapter, Dr. Cuomo says,

Prevention, as commonly understood, has struggled to match the evolving reality of cancer. Cancer involves more than external exposure. It arises from internal conditions. Disease takes hold when the body’s environment shifts toward permissiveness, inflammation becomes persistent, immune surveillance weakens, insulin signaling grows erratic, and repair mechanisms fall behind damage. These issues arise collectively, resulting from behavioral, emotional, and structural patterns repeated consistently over time.

For more information about Dr. Cuomo and his work, you can visit him here: https://raphaelcuomo.com/

You can watch my interview with Dr. Cuomo here: https://youtu.be/GLuHclBPH4U

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This post was previously published on Menalive.com.

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